Leukocyte-endothelial interaction in CKD

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Accordingly, CKD patients show a substantial increased of mortality. Inflammation important link between and CVD. The interaction endothelial cells effector the innate immune system plays central role in development progression inflammation. Vascular injury causes dysfunction, leading to augmented oxidative stress, expression leukocyte adhesion molecules chronic induces numerous metabolic changes, creating uremic milieu resulting accumulation various toxins. These toxins lead vascular injury, dysfunction activation system. Recent studies describe CKD-dependent changes monocytes that promote thus CKD-associated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3–interleukin-1β–interleukin-6 (NLRP3–IL-1β–IL-6) signaling pathway pivotal CVD alike. Several clinical trials are investigating targeted inhibition this indicating anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies may emerge as novel approaches at high nonresolving particular would benefit from therapy, since conventional regimens have limited efficacy population.